The distance between industrial buildings. Fire distance between buildings
2. The distance between buildings and structures is considered the distance in the light between the outer walls or other structures. If there are more than 1 m of structures of buildings or structures made of combustible materials, the distance between these structures is assumed.
3. The distance between the walls of buildings without window openings may be reduced by 20%, with the exception of buildings IIIa, III6, IV, IVa and V degrees of fire resistance.
4. In areas with a seismicity of 9 points, the distance between residential buildings, as well as between residential and public buildings of IVa, V degrees of fire resistance should be increased by 20%.
5. Distances from buildings of any degree of fire resistance to buildings IIIa, III6, IV, IVa, V of degrees of fire resistance in a coastal strip 100 km wide, but not further than to the nearest mountain range, in climatic subareas IB, IG, IIA and IIB should be increased by 25%
6 *. The distances between residential buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance in the climatic subareas IA, IB, 1G, ID and IIA should be increased by 50%.
7. For two-story buildings of frame and panel structures of the V degree of fire resistance, as well as buildings covered with combustible materials, fire distances must be increased by 20%.
8. Distances between buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance are allowed to be provided less than 6 m, provided that the wall of the taller building, located opposite the other building, is fireproof.
9. Distances from one-, two-apartment residential buildings and outbuildings (a barn, a garage, a bath) on a personal plot of land to residential buildings and outbuildings on neighboring land plots are taken according to the table. 1 subject to note. 10.
Distances between a residential building and outbuildings, as well as between outbuildings within the same land plot (regardless of the total built-up area) are not standardized.
10. Distances between residential buildings, as well as residential buildings and outbuildings (sheds, garages, bathhouses) are not standardized with the total building area, including the undeveloped area between them, equal to the largest allowable building area (floor) of one building of the same fire resistance without fire walls according to the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89.
11. Distances between outbuildings (sheds, garages, bathhouses) located outside the estate plots are not standardized, provided that the building area of \u200b\u200bthe blocked outbuildings does not exceed 800 m 2. Distances between groups of blocked outbuildings are taken according to the table. 1*.
The distance between the houses (neighboring and own), as well as any buildings, whether households. buildings, hedges, communications or plants on the site should be laid in the project on the basis of certain rules that are regulated by SNiP. This allows you to create acceptable living conditions, as well as protect yourself and your neighbors in dangerous situations.
Sufficient fence height
A high hedge is more attractive due to the ability to close the review of a residential building, to provide an insurmountable obstacle to the entry of outsiders. However, such a decision will lead to a number of unpleasant moments. First of all, fire safety standards determine other parameters of the fence, which can significantly reduce the intensity of the spread of fire in a dangerous situation. And at the same time, the high construction on the site obscures the territory.
The fence should be installed between neighbors to a height of not more than 1.5 m.
The fence between the two buildings can not be higher than the border of 1.5 m. This is determined by federal standards, however, in accordance with local (regional) regulatory documentation, the limit values \u200b\u200bfor the height of the fence can vary significantly.
For example, in some regions it is allowed to erect a fence between residential buildings up to 2.2 m. For this reason, during construction it is necessary to focus on the relevant standards.
There is another feature of the fence installed in the area between the houses: the structure must transmit light. Ideal is a mesh fence, picket fence. A completely blank fence is erected between residential buildings only with the written consent of a neighbor.
According to SNiP and standards, the height of the fence from the side of the street or driveway should not exceed 2.2 m.
It is allowed to build a fence without the slightest gaps of only a small height (0.75 m), then permission from the owners of the neighboring site will not be required. You can also increase the design to the maximum acceptable level, but this add-on must be transparent.
Fire safety details
The distance between the houses can be described as fire breaks. The passage / passage acceptable on width provides free movement of specials. technicians. Accordingly, there should be a sufficient distance between residential buildings and then these sections can be considered as fire barriers that contribute to reducing the intensity of the spread of fire.
This explains why it is important to observe fire safety standards not only during further operation, but also during preparation and directly during the construction phase of a residential building.
The main document regulating the requirements for new buildings is SNiP 2.07.01-89. All buildings can be divided into groups, taking into account the types of materials used, which determines the level of fire hazard of a residential building during a fire:
- A - houses made of concrete and stone;
- B - similar designs, but with wooden roofs;
- In - buildings made of wood.
If we consider both buildings of type A, the recommended distance between two residential buildings can not be less than 6 m. The norms for buildings of type B are 8 m. Between completely wooden buildings (type C) the take-off must be equal to or exceed the limit of 15 m, since this material is most susceptible to burning. In the case when buildings of different types are considered, fire barriers correspond to other values.
For example, if house A is in personal possession, and a type B structure is located on the neighbor’s site, then it is recommended to leave free space between buildings of 8 m in width.
Another case: buildings of types A and C are considered, fire safety standards dictate other requirements, namely, the minimum limit of 10 m. The SNiP also stipulates another option: the minimum distance between two buildings of different types (B and C) should be 10 m
Sanitary Security
These standards regulate a certain level of security between buildings and structures for various purposes. In particular:
- The residential building, which is being built on the site, should be located at a distance of 3 m from the fence and, accordingly, from the border dividing the property. Measurements should be made from the base of the house to the fence. In this case, protruding elements, such as a porch or a roof, must be taken into account. In this case, you need to measure the distance from this point if it extends beyond the base of more than 0.5 m.
- Between the fence and small buildings on the site there should be free space with a width of 1 m or more. Moreover, SNiP determines the need for the roof slope to be located in the direction of its own possessions.
- But if there is a bird in the farm buildings, the minimum distance between these buildings on the site and the fence is 4 m.
- Sanitary safety standards also regulate the distance of plantings from the common hedge: the larger the plants, the farther they are planted from the fence. For example, shrubs can be placed at a distance of 1 m, trees of medium height - 2 m from the fence, and the highest plantings - from 4 m or more.
- From the garage to the fence there may be a free space of 1 m wide.
- Sanitary safety standards regulate the construction of the bath no closer than 1 m from the hedge and 8 m from the housing. But the street "amenities" should be designed at a distance of 12 m from the boundary line between the possessions.
When planning the site, the following sanitary standards must be observed.
It is also precisely determined by regulatory enactments. On the basis of this documentation for objects of different purpose during construction, certain parameters of the building envelope are provided, as well as its remoteness from the residential object.
Distance between houses: rules and regulations
Designing of residential facilities is based on the following regulatory documents: SNiP 30-02-97, SNiP 30-102-99, as well as fire safety standards. Fire breaks between two neighboring buildings of different types, in particular, their parameters, are taken as a basis.
In addition, there are basic requirements for the placement of residential facilities in neighboring areas:
- 3 m - the minimum border from a private house to a boundary line;
- 6 m - the distance between the windows of the personal property and the wall of the neighboring house.
Considering fire safety standards, it should be noted that in the case of two-row development it is allowed to erect adjacent objects closely:
An important point in the planning of a site for suburban construction is strict compliance with the requirements of State regulatory documents.
This arrangement of buildings / structures does not create contradictions between the requirements for fire safety of objects and the real project.
Zoning suburban area
Sufficient for the construction of country housing and arrangement of infrastructure of a personal territory is an area of \u200b\u200b6 acres. But only the zoning of the site will allow the most efficient use of land. It is necessary to determine the most important tasks that will be implemented in the country, for example, the arrangement of a garden or playground, etc.
Distance from the fence to the stands
Possible zones:
- The plot on which it is planned to locate the residential building itself and secondary buildings intended for periodic or permanent residence of people (for example, an outbuilding for guests).
- The area where the garden / garden will be broken. It is also necessary to plan the location of the greenhouse, greenhouse.
- Land for rest, where you can equip a playground, a small gazebo and even a swimming pool, if the footage allows. A variety of canopies, flower beds - all this is better to have in a recreation area.
- Separately, it is recommended to make outbuildings, a garage, a bathhouse, street "amenities", a source of drinking water. Buildings for keeping animals (dogs, birds, etc.), a workshop, a rendered “summer” kitchen and the like are also grouped on this site.
Zoning of the territory provides the necessary level of security, since the playground, and therefore the children on it, will not be in the vicinity of street "amenities" or an aviary with dogs. In addition, with the effective division of the territory into sections for different purposes, time is freed to overcome the path from one point to another.
For example, if the remote kitchen is located at the opposite end of the summer house, you will have to constantly lose a lot of time moving from home (the so-called winter kitchen, dining room) to the summer kitchen. The same applies to moving between outbuildings.
When designing buildings, it is necessary to take into account sufficient distances between each of the existing types of buildings: residential, utility, etc.
The answer should be sought in the fire and sanitary safety standards. Using this documentation, you can avoid future problems that usually arise in contentious situations between neighbors. In addition, the correct arrangement of buildings will ensure the safety of their possessions in the event of dangerous situations in the neighboring area.
Fire break - this is the distance between buildings and structures, which is determined by the norms. Their presence and dimensions must be taken into account in construction, in particular during design. The main function of fire breaks is to prevent the spread of fire between buildings. They are also intended for her free maneuver. At the design stage, the placement and calculation of gaps is closely related to the requirements of sanitary standards.
Laws, regulations and standards
The first document to be consulted before and during the design is SNiP 2.07.01 - 89. It contains a mandatory application with fire safety requirements, which indicates the parameters for calculating the optimal fire distance between buildings. To calculate the distances in the territories where there are warehouses and storages of oil products, refer to SNiP II-106-79.
The Federal Law “Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements” defines the responsibility of the owner of a building or structure in its scope. This means that the rightful owner is obliged to ensure fire safety at any facility that belongs to him. Confirmation of this is the declaration. Protection of the facility consists in the presence of a security system, including the presence of gaps, as one of the type of fire barriers.
This Federal Law defines the official terms of this topic and distributes the effect of regulatory legal acts. Some of them may be optional. For example, a few sets of rules can be neglected. However, so that deviations from any norms are not criminal, it is necessary to provide a basis of evidence that such a move does not contradict the law and has the right to exist.
In SNiP 21.01-97, you can see the classification of buildings and structures based on the degree of fire resistance. Classification depends on the fire resistance of structural elements. Functional fire hazard is described there. Both classifications are important in calculating gaps. The code of rules 4.13130.2013 was created with the aim of establishing a sufficient level of safety in the design and reconstruction of buildings with certain parameters. It contains clarifications and tables with values \u200b\u200band involves taking into account the characteristics of production in buildings, is directly related to the federal law on fire safety and state standards.
Required Features
Now it is time to directly consider some of the characteristics of fire breaks.
First of all, there should be enough space between buildings for the full operation of fire engines and equipment. If on the facade of the building there are separate structural elements from combustible materials, and they protrude more than 1 meter, then the distance is measured from their extreme point.
In practice, the distance between the outer walls is approximately 6-10 meters, and for buildings made of wood and similar materials with fire-resistant characteristics is about 15 meters. Calculation methods exist, but sometimes the gap can be reduced in the following cases:
- in the presence of a fire wall or other barrier made of fireproof materials;
- with an installed alarm system, fire extinguishing system;
- in the absence of window openings in the building to the IIIA degree of fire resistance.
Increase the distance between such buildings:
- in areas with increased seismological activity;
- made of a frame or with coatings of combustible materials of the V degree of fire resistance;
- located on the coastline 100 km wide, if the mountain range is not in this zone.
Clarifications for each item are posted in SNiP 2.07.01–89. In addition, for residential buildings and farm buildings on one site, the regulation of distances is not provided for by fire safety standards. It is appropriate to be guided by the values \u200b\u200bestablished by sanitary-hygienic and insolation standards. A similar approach when calculating gaps is used when the total area of \u200b\u200bbuildings and the distances between them does not exceed the area that can be fully used for one object.
Household buildings can be built at any distance from neighboring ones, provided that the total area of \u200b\u200bthe grouped objects is less than 800 square meters.
Separate requirements are intended for the installation of small trade pavilions and frame structures. Temporary buildings are located near fire walls or at least 15 meters from other buildings. The use of fire distances is prohibited for placing on them a warehouse of products, obstruction and long-term parking of vehicles.
Principle and calculation formula
Several factors influence the final values \u200b\u200bfor calculating fire distances between buildings. Initially, the building's fire resistance class is established according to the rules, and then constructive fire safety is determined. The more fire resistant the building, the greater the gap.
Functional safety plays an important role in the calculations. So, in production shops, fire risks are much higher relative to public buildings or private homes. The cause of the fire may be a spark resulting from the operation of high-tech equipment or power tools.
General values \u200b\u200bare indicated in the current rules and codes, but you can find out the distance and justify it in the framework of the calculation of fire risks, during which a measure of a possible fire hazard and its consequences for people and property is identified. Calculation of fire risks is carried out in case of deliberate non-compliance with the requirements of standards and rules regarding fire safety.
The key values \u200b\u200bin the calculation of discontinuities are the heat flux during a fire (possible), the intensity and duration of exposure of adjacent buildings, and the time until the fire crew arrives. Moreover, the first value should not be greater than the minimum radiation intensity if the duration of exposure and the time of arrival of firefighters are the same.
In the variant with a conditional fire inside and between neighboring buildings, the already existing gap, the characteristics of the fire (flame) and radiation are taken as initial data. For this method, a special formula is used irradiation coefficients. Building the function (nomogram) without calculations will help to achieve the correct result. The dependence of distances on the initial data is studied (flame characteristics, irradiation intensity, and the ratio of additional parameters). Such a characteristic of the flame, as the temperature is considered the same over the entire surface, as well as the degree of fire resistance of all buildings. The calculation will be correct if a reasonable dependence is traced and the influence of the parameters on the result or equality is correct.
Let's slowly and sadly compare the two editions
Chapters 16. REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE DISTANCES
BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES 123-ФЗ with each other:In the previous edition:
Article 69. Fire-fighting distances between buildings, structures and structuresFrom the current edition this rule is excluded. And indeed, the area of \u200b\u200bregulation of the article has changed. Now it is called: Article 69. Fire distances between buildings, structures and forestries (forest parks)
...
10. Fire distances from single-, semi-detached houses and farm buildings (sheds, garages, baths) on a private land plot to residential houses and farm buildings on neighboring household plots should be taken in accordance with table 11 of the appendix to this Federal Law. It is allowed to reduce fire distances between the indicated types of buildings to 6 meters, provided that the walls of the buildings facing each other do not have window openings, are made of non-combustible materials or are fireproofed, and the roof and cornices are made of non-combustible materials.
...Articles 70-74 are not of interest to us, because they regulate fire distances, in particular, between the IZhS facility and oil depots, gas stations, garages and open parking lots, liquefied hydrocarbon tanks, gas and oil pipelines, respectively. And Art. 72 is generally excluded.
In the previous edition We were also talking about objects of interest to us in Art. 75:
Article 75. Fire-prevention distances in the territories of garden, country and household plotsFrom the current edition this rule is excluded.1. The fire distance from household and residential buildings on the territory of a garden, summer cottage and household plot to the forest should be at least 15 meters.
2. Fire distances between a residential building and outbuildings, as well as between outbuildings within the same garden, summer cottage or household plots are not standardized.
3. Fire-prevention distances from outbuildings located on one garden, summer residence or household plot to residential houses of neighboring land plots, as well as between houses of neighboring land plots, should be taken in accordance with table 11 of the appendix to this Federal Law.
4. It is allowed to group and block residential buildings or residential buildings on 2 neighboring garden land plots with single-row building and on 4 neighboring garden land plots with two-row building. In this case, fire distances between residential buildings or residential buildings in each group are not standardized, and the minimum distances between extreme residential buildings or residential buildings of groups of houses are shown in Table 11 of the appendix to this Federal Law.Conclusion: 123-ФЗ no longer standardizes fire distances between residential buildings and farm buildings on neighboring land plots with ARI IZHS, LPH, for gardening, for summer cottage construction.
In addition, SP 4.13130.2013 also cannot standardize these distances, because it regulates the requirements for space-planning and structural solutions inside buildingsThe application of this set of rules ensures compliance with the requirements for space-planning and structural solutions to limit the spread of fire in buildings and structuresestablished by the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-ФЗ "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements".