Preparing the house for the winter. Work on preparing the house for the winter and spring

13.06.2019

Cold is just around the corner, and again there is talk of preparing the utilities sector for the heating season. And how should apartment buildings be prepared for winter?

According to the “Rules and Norms for Technical Maintenance of the Housing Fund” adopted by the State Committee for Construction and Housing and Communal Services (a document was registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on October 15, 2003), home preparation for the coming winter should begin in the spring, immediately after the last heating season . At this time of the year, the operating organization should conduct an inspection of the house, and then deal with the elimination of identified defects.

As follows from the "Rules", the main mandatory types of work that should be performed include:

1. Troubleshooting walls, facades, roofs, basement and attic floors, driveways, window and door fillings, internal systems of heat, water, electricity and installations with gas heaters.

2. Ensuring unhindered drainage of atmospheric and melt water from the slopes and entrances to the basement.

3. Ensuring proper waterproofing of foundations, basement and basement walls and their interfacing with adjacent structures, stairwells, basements and attics, engine rooms of elevators, serviceability of fire hydrants;

4. Conducting hydraulic tests, repairs, verification and adjustment of a set of devices that ensure uninterrupted supply of heat to apartments (house networks, group and local heating units in houses, heating systems, ventilation).

5. Providing the equipment of pumping stations, fire fighting systems with basic and backup equipment, automatic switching on of backup pumps in case of failure of the main ones.

6. Elimination of water leaks in basements, ensuring the smooth operation of sewer outlets, manholes of the courtyard network and general outlets at the ends of the building from a prefabricated pipeline laid in the technical underground;

7. Replacement of knocked-out windows on stairwells (in winter, the temperature in the entrances should be at least + 16 degrees and at the same time they should be regularly ventilated).

8. Cleaning the roof of debris and dirt.

9. Delivery of sand for sprinkling of sidewalks at the rate of not less than 3 cubic meters. m per 1 thousand square meters. meters of harvested area and salt at the rate of not less than 3 - 5% of the mass of sand or its substitute.

In addition, the document recommends that operating organizations perform a number of additional work. Accordingly, homeowners who choose a contractor for servicing their home can offer him to carry out the following activities, which advise the “Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock:

Warming of window and balcony openings.
Replacing broken glass windows and balcony doors.
Warming of entrance doors to apartments.
Warming of attic floors.
Pipeline insulation in the attic and basement.
Strengthening and repair of parapet fences.
Verification of operability of dormer windows and blinds.
Making new or repairing existing walkways and walkways in attics.
Repair and strengthening of entrance doors to the entrance.

Work on preparing the house for winter in the southern climatic zone should be completed no later than October 1. Monitoring their implementation is carried out by local municipal authorities, homeowners and state housing inspectorates.

Comments: 26

So the heating season has already begun. Why the article?
And hereinafter - all these activities should be carried out by the management company. And “the homeowners who choose a contractor for servicing their home”, in my opinion, the owners themselves do not choose a contractor, this is done by managers (UO, HOA).
The purpose of this article did not understand (

Dear Alexey!

The purpose of this article is to change the attitude of homeowners towards your real estate similar to yours and convey to the people information about the requirements stipulated by law for maintaining apartment buildings. Shouldn't homeowners choose a management company to operate or operate a home? And do not the owners decide whether or not to be in the HOA, who should work in his board? Until the owner understands that in the current housing and communal services his rights and interests are primary - as the landlord, and not the management company hired to service the property of others, the situation will not move forward. That's just the time period for understanding what is happening in our country is limited. Since due to chronic underrepairs and poor quality of maintenance, our houses fail with increased intensity.

According to experts, the current average aging rate of Rostov houses is 1.5% per year. Think about this figure. Housing with depreciation exceeding 70% is usually no longer subject to restoration and is classified as dilapidated or damaged. In other words, if we approach the existing statistics formally - with the current quality of work, our housing and communal services in about 46 years can turn a new building (depreciation of 0%) into slums (depreciation of 70%). Although the regulatory life various kinds stone houses exceed
100 years.

So it is up to you and us to decide in the first place who and how will serve our home. And it is precisely you and I who should first of all think about tomorrow. And not a management organization that exploits dozens, and often hundreds of objects ... Success in this difficult and thorny path!

Yours faithfully -
Alexander Strelnikov, author of the text.

Dear Alexander!
You write “to change a similar attitude of homeowners to your real estate” - on the basis of what words have you already formed an opinion about my attitude to my home (sorry for the tautology)? I fully agree with you on the issue that it is time for all OWNERS to drive into their heads, that they and they alone are responsible for everything that happens on the house, that they are full owners, and not powerless tenants.
Well, since you have set such a difficult goal - why not focus on the responsibilities of the service organization, but on the rights of the owners? Yes, there are several places (two) in the article that speak about the rights of owners, but I strongly doubt that many people know how “homeowners who choose a contractor to serve their home can offer him the following activities” (we are talking about general meetings, if you believe the LCD RF?). Maybe it would be better to talk about how the general meeting is held (again, according to the RF LC, the initiator of the general meeting is the owners, if I do not confuse anything) and how is the control over communal services carried out? Such information would be of greater benefit, I think. And they would have reached their cherished goal faster (telling how the owners competently communicate with communal services).
And you success in your endeavor :).

Hello, Alexey!

The article to which you wrote your first comment is devoted to a very specific topic - preparing your home for winter. Pay attention to the date - the material was published before the start of the heating season.

The problem of the relationship between owners and the Criminal Code (HOA) is addressed only indirectly in the text, since this is a topic for a separate discussion, requiring detailed consideration. If you are really interested in the mechanisms for organizing a meeting of owners of an apartment building, we are ready to provide specific information. Ask questions.

When evaluating the text, please pay attention to the title and its wording. It is wrong to expect from a very clearly stated topic that the author will “squeeze” another thousand objects there, which he was not going to talk about within the framework of this text, so as not to spread thought on the tree.

However, to any questions of interest to the esteemed reader that arise when reading the material, he will answer with the utmost care.

Yours faithfully -
editors of the site “Rostov-Dom”.

Good day!
“If you are really interested in the mechanisms for organizing a meeting of owners of an apartment building, we are ready to provide specific information. Ask questions ”
Interested in the following: we have a management company that does not fully fulfill its responsibilities. How many days before the meeting do you need to notify the tenants, how to draw up the minutes of the general house meeting, do all tenants have to sign it or some percentage? Should representatives of the Criminal Code attend this meeting or should we bring them a copy of the minutes? What should be the link: the general house meeting - UK?

Good day, Natalia!

In accordance with the Housing Code, homeowners have the right at any time to refuse the services of a management company that does not tire of them and choose another one at the general meeting of residents of MKD.

According to paragraph 4 of Art. 45 LC RF, the initiators of the convocation of the general meeting are obliged to inform homeowners about the holding of such a meeting no later than 10 days before the appointed date. Representatives of the management company have the right to participate in the meeting and must be notified (preferably by registered letter or against receipt) of the date, place, time of the meeting, issues submitted for discussion, as well as the initiator of the meeting.

The general meeting is competent if it was attended by the owners of the premises in this house or their representatives holding more than 50 percent of the votes of the total number of owners (Article 45 of the LC RF).

The presence of the owners at the meeting is confirmed by the registration sheet of the participants indicating the name, first name, patronymic, address, details of the certificate of ownership of the premises, the signature of the owner. If a representative of the owner takes part in the meeting, then a power of attorney must be attached.

The right to vote at the general meeting is held by the owners of premises in the MKD. The number of votes held by each owner is proportional to his share in the right of common ownership of the common property in the house (Article 48 of the LC RF).

Voting is held on each item on the agenda after its discussion. To summarize the voting, a counting committee must be created, the composition of which is approved by the general meeting. Any decision of the general meeting is drawn up in a protocol in the manner established by the general meeting of owners of premises in this house (paragraph 1 of article 46 of the LC RF).

The RF LC does not establish any requirements for the protocol form. But according to the traditions of conducting general meetings, the protocol must be drawn up in writing, signed by the chairman and secretary, as well as members of the counting committee. The minutes without fail indicate the date, place of the general meeting of owners and the agenda. The law establishes that the decisions of the general meeting of owners must be communicated to all owners of the premises, including those who did not participate in the meeting, within ten days from the date of adoption of these decisions (Article 46, part 3 of the LC RF).

Hello, Rostov-Dom. Please tell me, what act serves as the beginning of the heat supply to the apartment building? already the temperature dropped below 8 degrees, and October 15 came, and in our house there is still no heat. The house is managed by the UK, centralized heating.

Hello, Sergey.

Such an “act” is the decree of the head of the administration of the municipality on the beginning of the heating season.

And also, Sergey, in addition to the answer “Rostov-Dom”.

Your UK should have a document “Certificate of readiness for work in the heating period” signed by representatives of the heat supply organization and the consumer’s representative, on the basis of which your UK must submit to the heat supply organization an application for permission to supply heat energy for heating subscribers, which indicates a specific date.
- I hope that the date of supply of thermal energy indicated in the application / certificate should coincide with the start date of the heating season specified in the decree of the head of administration? And then there is a resolution of the chapter, but there is no heat in the house. How to make our UK accountable?
  - First, the requirement for the criminal code is to ensure that the air in the apartment is warmed up to the normative level during the day. Then complaints to the city hall, Rospotrebnadzor and GZHI. The presence of any acts, certificates, statements of permission should not concern you. You are a consumer; for you, the date of the beginning of the heating season is a resolution of the city hall. After 16 hours from the time specified in the Decree, the air temperature in the apartment must not be lower than 18 degrees for indoor, 20 for corners and 25 for the bathroom.
    - Alexey! You are not right!
      To prepare the house for the heating season, the Criminal Code, Homeowners' Associations (ZhSK) are required to carry out certain works (washing, pressure testing, inspection). When carrying out all these works, an inspector from the heating system is necessarily present, which fixes each stage in the act. Only after carrying out all the stages and signing the acts, a certificate of readiness is issued. If at least one stage is not accepted by the inspector, the house is not allowed for the heating season. The act on this is sent to the district administration and the prosecutor's office. If the certificate is issued and signed, then the Criminal Code, Homeowners Association (Housing cooperative), on the basis of it, has the right to demand connection to the heating of the house even earlier than the mayor’s decision. We do this every year. The main thing is to get a Certificate and submit an Application. In the absence of these documents, the house will stand without heating for a very long time.

Irina, obtaining acts, certificates, applications - a headache of the Criminal Code (leadership HOA, HBC), but not the consumer. The consumer pays for heating, and not for excuses: there is no heating because ....
Irina, by the way, do you turn on heating in your HOA on time? I have not had that year, and so somewhere in 80% of the city’s houses - regardless of the form of management. Apparently, this year is the third time in a row that you will have to go to court for recalculation.

And again you are wrong, Alex.
The signing of acts of readiness and the timely submission of applications is a “headache” not only for the Criminal Code or the chairpersons of the HOA (HBC), but for all residents. That's when there will be less general infantilism, and more activity on the part of everyone, then we’ll run around the courts less often. It is very difficult for one chairman to fight with officials from suppliers, believe me !!!
We always submit applications for connection from October 6-10. And there we are already guided by the weather. Residents themselves decide whether to overpay them or not (in the case when the weather is warm), because we have a UTE. That's why we want to install automation within the control. Another issue is that the heating system for one reason or another does not sign acts of readiness. In our case, we were blacklisted due to disobedience in terms of replacing a rotten system with a new, energy-efficient one (I already spoke about this in my comment).
- Irina, I’ll answer honestly: if I lived in a house under your control, I wouldn’t look - there are acts - there are no acts, there is an application - there is no application, but I would only look at: there is heating - there is no heating, there is a calculation for short delivery - no recalculation. I believe that 1-2 days can be tolerated without warmth, and then - blame yourself, no matter who is really to blame - for me (and for the court) the one with whom the management contract is concluded will always be to blame.
  We have the same excuses as the representatives of the managing organizations utter: the heat supply organizations do not give the go-ahead for launch. At the same time, consumers (owners and tenants) pay for the availability of heat and for the management of the house, including management fees include litigation. Thermalians do not want “for good” - complain to the Federal Antimonopoly Service, Rostekhnadzor, the Prosecutor's Office, go to court. I am sure: 2-3 cases you won and the heat engineers will sign everything as nice.
  In general, you do not need to shift the problem from a sick head to a healthy one.
  By the way:
  The Government of the RO reported (http://www.donland.ru/Default.aspx?pageid\u003d104222) that on October 1st all the heating mains were ready for the heating season, and I probably dug out 101% under my window.
  - Well, it started. that's just your destiny - to run around the courts and, it seems, the “sick head” is with you, and not with me. My business is to fight for the rights of their residents, not by slander, but by civilized methods. And while in 3 years I have never lost. And here, I go to the courts - the loss is guaranteed. The court is the most extreme measure when all instances have already been passed. And you pay for non-existent heat because you don’t have the same hated ODPU. So far, they are not in your house, so run around the courts. And the answer to you will be the same everywhere - it's your own fault. You sit in the cold and think how much you should already return your hard-earned money. And we are already warm from the 17th and pay a maximum of 9 rubles / sq. M. (October), i.e. in fact. That’s the difference. I had no excuses, no, and never will. There is a law that both sides must fulfill. For my part, I have not broken a single letter of the Law. And I force the other side to comply with this Law, but only civilly. And they won’t go anywhere, sooner or later surrender. But whining, blabbering is not mine. With fiery greetings !!! And yet, all the same, I advise you to take up the management of your house as a whole, and not the apartment separately. Then you will understand me.
    - By the way, our management fees do not include court costs. If I spend all the money of residents on legal costs, then I will no longer be the chairman, because most residents do not believe our courts and judges. And it is the majority that makes the decision with us. I obey him. We have too many problems, to the solution of which we are directing our forces and means.

Yes, there will be ODPU, we will pay not only for non-existing heating, but also for the maintenance of this wonderful device. That's just heating from this will not appear.
Your advice - to manage the house is not acceptable for me - I have a different profession and job, and managing an apartment separately is nothing more than a hobby. In the courts, by the way, it’s fun - you hear pearls from lawyers of UO one after another.
However, our dispute with you is pointless - we are in different positions. What you call slander, I consider the implementation of their constitutional right to state protection. You believe that the ODPU will somehow change the situation with the presence / absence of heating, but I am sure of the opposite. With or without ODPU, there are still no bogeymen like me like 30%, nothing will change in terms of the start of the heating season.
You will pay for October upon the fact - 9 rubles / sq.m. or 262 rubles from 29.1 sq.m., but I, for every day of inactivity, will exact in court about 38.37 for the lack of heating and 1.16 as a forfeit.
Those. for lack of heating within 14 days, the UO will lose more than the monthly heating charge.

Alexei: You have a fantastic theoretical concept of state protection and constitutional rights. In our courts, the one who has more rights is always right. Don't you understand that the Criminal Code has no other money besides paying tenants? Why will you be returned for the lack of heating when the heat engineers are pressing the UK and Homeowners Association in full, demanding more and more money. Apparently, you have not been to the courts - a long loss of time and clearly custom-made solutions.
By the way, the certificate of readiness for the heating season is an anachronism, with which the Criminal Code is frozen out, building in a pound.

I visited the courts, thrice, 2 times sued due to lack of heating. Do not believe me, but both times I was awarded recalculation + forfeit + moral harm, and without talking, in the first instance, they held one meeting.
And all because UO does not respond to my complaints at all. What is it worth to come and adjust the heating (last year the contractor, after repairing the heating system, provided my apartment, the extreme point in the house, with heat in an hour)? It will take 2-3 hours from the force. Instead, they compose unsubscribes, wait for me to contact the GZHI or RPN to start working.
In no court hearing were they able to present any, even the most ridiculous, excuses for their inaction.

In this article we will tell you how to properly prepare country house for winter. Consider the procedure for checking and preparing the basic structures of the house: heat and waterproofing, engineering systems and communications, the adjacent space.

Checking and preparing heat and waterproofing at home

It is known that through an uninsulated attic about 20-25% of heat can leave the house, and if walls and cold are let in moisture (also not insulated), then add up to 35% of losses, 18% falls on insulated windows and doors, about 15% ventilation (including a chimney), as well as 10% of the floor.

Heat loss

Accordingly, the same amount of heat can be saved if the house is properly prepared for the winter. Checking and preparing for winter all parts of the house must be done before daytime temperatures drop below zero degrees. Next, consider what you need to pay attention to when assessing the readiness for winter of the basic structures of your home.

Attic preparation

Check for leaks in the attic ceiling during rain. If you find these signs, then this indicates a violation of the waterproofing, in which case you need to urgently repair roofing cake. The reason may be a “moving out” roofing or a violation of the integrity of the waterproofing. It is categorically forbidden to leave the roof in this condition for the winter. For repairs, it is better to contact professional roofers who can assess the cause of the leak and eliminate it.

It is also necessary to check for condensation on the attic ceiling. The presence of condensate can indicate either a malfunction or lack of ventilation, or a violation of the vapor barrier (for an insulated attic).

(for the selection and installation of hydro- and vapor barrier, see details in the articles).

Preparing the walls for winter

If the dampness is located only on the bottom of the walls, then pay attention to whether the base of the house is lined with waterproof material and whether there is a blind area - these are the main reasons for the walls to get wet below.

If the walls are damp only under the ceiling, then most likely moisture comes from the attic floor. And in this case, you need to eliminate the cause of the leak of the attic, which were described above.

Check the condition of the basements - if there is accumulation of dampness on the floor, if there is moisture on the walls. If moisture begins to accumulate in the basement in the fall, then you need to urgently waterproof the room - this ensures that your house will not be damp and cold in winter and spring and that basement it will not flood with water in the spring during the flood (for waterproofing basements, see the article for more details). If waterproofing is not possible, then as an alternative, you can consider the device of trench drainage around the perimeter of the house.

Windows and doors

The best way to achieve thermal insulation of windows is to replace old windows with cracks with windows from a multi-chamber (for example, five-chamber) profile with double or triple glazing, in which case they retain heat by 80% in the house and you will feel the difference even without a thermometer. Windows can also be replaced in winter, since window replacement technologies allow the dismantling of old and the installation of new ones in a couple of hours. If the windows cannot be replaced, then it is possible to insulate them in the old way - to paste window openings around the perimeter with paper or paper tape, while “plugging” all the cracks. Along the junction of the window sashes and glue along their perimeter with a special foam tape on an adhesive basis. Insulating external doors is no less important than windows. To do this, they can be upholstered with thin polystyrene foam, EPSP or, finally, batting and then upholstered on top with leatherette. Such rather intricate activities will save you up to 20% of the heat in the house.

Verification and preparation of engineering communications

It is necessary to check the operation of the system and carry out preventive work on its preparation for the winter.

Home heating system

System check

check batteries and pipe connections for leaks (if the energy source is water).
check the operation of ventilation systems especially in the boiler room, it must be provided with 4-fold air exchange for efficient operation of the boiler
check the operation of the boiler

Checking the heating system for leakage of batteries and pipe connections is a test inclusion of the heating system.

The order of the test inclusion of the heating system:

The system is filled with water from the water supply through the drain valve at the bottom of the system. This is done so that when entering the system from the lowest point, water, rising upwards, displaces all air from the system that could accumulate in pipes or batteries during the summer period. The displaced air exits through automatic air vents. The working water pressure outside the city usually does not exceed 1.9 bar. The pressure that occurs in the water supply system is -2 atm. and more, this is enough to check for leaks in the system.
After the system is filled, it is left filled with water for half an hour. At this time, you need to go around the whole house and check if the batteries and pipe connections are leaking.
In addition, you need to use the pressure gauge: if all the connections are tight and there are no leaks, then the pressure gauge at the input will show this: its arrow stands still, does not fall. If the pressure gauge needle is deflected and the pressure decreases, this means that a leak is occurring somewhere. If the pressure gauge shows a leak, check all connections and radiators again.
Having detected a leak, the water from the system is completely drained to prevent leakage (repair the connection points or the battery).
Then the verification procedure must be repeated.
Then they gradually raise the temperature and check how the heating system works: that is, how quickly it heats up, whether all sections of the batteries give heat, etc. If it is found that some sections are not warming, they bleed air from the system again and eliminate the cause.
After each check of the switched on system, the temperature is reduced gradually, and only then water is released from the system.

Checking chimney draft, checking ventilation draft in the house

Checking and cleaning the chimney

Any chimney is checked at least once a year before the heating season. And brick chimneys are checked at least once a quarter. Chimneys are checked for integrity - the presence or absence of cracks or damage, if they are found, is repaired.

Violation of traction can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. The draft in the chimney is checked as follows:

Bring a strip of paper or a lit match to the inspection hole of the furnace or stabilizer rod of the furnace (with any type of fuel that requires the removal of combustion products from the house). Under normal traction, paper (or flame from a match) is pulled toward the firebox.
In the case when the paper or the flame of the match deviates in the opposite direction from the furnace, there is no draft, and, therefore, the chimney needs to be cleaned urgently, since it is impossible to use the stove.

The draft in the ventilation systems of the house is checked as follows:

The operation of ventilation in the house is also checked using paper: open the window in the house and bring the paper to the ventilation grill in the room (bathroom, toilet, kitchen). If the paper sticks to the grate, the ventilation works.
If the paper does not stick to the grate, but deviates from it toward the room, then you have reverse traction in your house, and you must clean the air ducts. To do this, use brushes or blow out air ducts with compressed air, or invite experts

The cost of calling a specialist to clean ventilation systems or a chimney is from $ 30.

Checking the operation of the boiler

For the pre-winter period, it is necessary to schedule a scheduled inspection of the heating boiler by specialists (sometimes the companies in which you purchase the boiler offer to conclude an agreement with them for scheduled maintenance and service).

Preventive work on the preparation of heating systems for winter

In winter cold, there is a risk of freezing pipes passing through unheated rooms. Therefore, if some systems are not used in the winter, they are blocked. The remaining liquid must be drained (so that the connection of the hose with the drain hole when the coolant is drained from the system is tight, a wet rag can be wrapped around the hose.) The pipelines used in the winter passing through unheated rooms must be protected with thermal insulation, for example, from foamed polyurethane foam (insulation thickness - 13 -20 mm).
It is recommended to use water or the antifreeze brand * (see note) recommended by the manufacturer as a coolant in the heating system (otherwise the service center may refuse warranty service if a malfunction occurs).

Antifreeze is a common name for liquids that do not freeze at low temperatures. They are used in installations operating at low temperatures. Mixtures of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, alcohols and other substances with water are used as base antifreeze liquids.

*Note:

You need to remember: the use of antifreeze in double-circuit boilers, since it is possible for the coolant to enter from the heating system into the water supply system. It is also bad to use antifreeze in open heating systems (with an open expansion tank), since it can evaporate there. Antifreeze has a devastating effect on pipes. It should not contain additives prohibited for use in residential premises, be fireproof. The heat capacity of antifreeze is 10-15% lower than that of water (it accumulates and gives off heat worse), and when designing a heating system with antifreeze, radiators choose more powerful ones. The viscosity of antifreeze is higher than that of water (it moves more slowly through the heating system), and more powerful circulation pumps need to be selected.

If you have a solid fuel boiler, and you heat it with firewood, it is better to put them against the wall of the boiler room: here the wood will be constantly dried. And those who will be engaged in supporting the operation of the boiler will not have to go far in the cold for firewood.
If your house has a fireplace, you need to remove all the soot accumulated there from the chimneys - for this it is better to invite specialists.
If your fireplace is metal, clean the dirt pipe that drains condensate from its inside.

The cost of calling a chimney sweep can cost from $ 50.

Inspection and preparation of water supply systems

The water supply system before winter requires both verification and preventive maintenance in preparation for winter.

System check

It is necessary to check the serviceability of the shut-off valves of the system (taps, valves): they must not pass water.
Check pipes for leaks. If there are leaks, then the pipes need to be urgently repaired or areas that cannot be repaired should be replaced.

Maintenance work

If you have a separate well or well, then it is better to install the pumping station in an insulated room (since it can operate at a temperature of at least +5 degrees).
Clean the system filters (usually system installers leave recommendations on how to do this better).
If a submersible pump is used that pumps water into the storage tank, it is left in water for the winter (water in the well or in the well does not freeze, as it is below the level of freezing of the soil).

Submersible pump and piping protection

If your pipeline and storage tank are located in a non-insulated attic, then they are also necessarily insulated from freezing - for details, see the article.
If the water supply pipe passes in the ground below the freezing level, then it is not necessary to warm it from the well to the house, it is only insulated when entering the house. Insulation can be pipe insulation made of mineral wool or foamed polyethylene. You can also buy a ready-made pipe in the insulation, with a protective sheath and a heating cable (usually use an electric self-regulating two-core cable that heats up to 65 degrees).

In winter, pipes of small diameters freeze first, as well as those through which water does not pass continuously. Eliminate this problem by laying an electric heating cable. If necessary, such a cable can be equipped with a temporary relay, and it will work at a certain time, for example, at night during the intensification of frosts. This option is suitable, for example, for pipelines passing through unheated rooms adjacent to the heated, for example a garage. It will be around +5 ° C during the day, and at night in severe frost the temperature may drop below zero. In this case, the option with heating cables equipped with relays will be very useful.
In order to avoid the formation of ice on the walls of the well and ice on the surface of the water, the head and lid of the well are insulated with any environmentally friendly material, for example, with 10x10 cm cross-section boards. Then the well will have a constant temperature: +5 - +10 degrees.

Well protection

Blow water from pipes and nozzles in each sector;

Dismantle pumping stations and filter systems.

If you have an outdoor pool, then before winter you will have to drain all the water *. To do this, you will first need to make channels to drain the water or use a pump to pump it out.

* Notes:

If the technology for building a pool does not make it possible to completely drain the water before winter, then the water is only partially drained, leaving some in the pool. In order to prevent the shifts of frozen soil from destroying the pool, put (in the pool) plastic canisters, polystyrene or just shake hay, compensating for deformations from the expansion of water during freezing. In such cases, you must consult with the builders who built your pool and its developer.

Before winter, you can create a canopy above the pool to protect the pool from clogging. This can be done with a thick plastic film and ordinary logs. But this option is suitable for small pools with sizes no larger than 2x2 m.

Inspection and preparation of outdoor drainage systems

In order to prepare the drainage systems for winter, you need to check their condition and carry out a number of preventive works.

Verification:

You need to make sure that all the pipes and gutters of the drain are intact, there are no cracks or breakages in them. If any element has cracks, then it must be replaced.

It is important that the gutters do not sag between the brackets, otherwise in the winter in this place the gutter can simply bend to the side or completely collapse under the influence of snow loads. If you notice the slightest sagging, then most likely your brackets are installed with a larger step than it should be (the step for each system is different). Therefore, be sure to install intermediate brackets in places of sagging before winter.

Maintenance work

installation of anti-icing systems;
installation of snow retainers.

Installation of anti-icing systems is done so that in winter there is no accumulation of snow and ice in the external drains.

For the installation of an anti-icing system, a heating cable * is laid along the gutters, downpipes, and places of snow accumulation on the roof *. The optimal power of the heating cable is from 30 to 60 watts per linear meter of the cornice or drainpipes. In the gutter, the cable is attached using special fasteners, they are mounted in increments of 25-50 cm.

Cables are installed along the entire path of the water flow - from horizontal gutters to the drain - exit from the drainpipe, and if there is an entrance to the storm sewer, then to the entrance to the collector (below the freezing depth). The heating cable in the gutters is fixed with brackets, the direction of the fixing order is from the power cable. Fasteners provide equal gaps between the lines of the heating cable (there are two of them - see fig.). A chain with a fixed heating cable extends through the drainpipe, and its upper part is secured with the help of an element - a pin.

Drainage insulation

After installing the heating cable, you need to measure the insulation resistance and the resistance of the heating cable - it must comply with the standards (the norms are indicated on the adapter sleeve tag). The cost of a heating cable is from 4 dollars / meter, and self-regulating - from 20 dollars / meter.

*Note:

Cables come in two types. The first type of cable is a heating element, similar to that used in domestic heating appliances, such as boilers. The second type of cable is self-regulating. Its main element is a semiconductor matrix that responds to air temperature. Complete with a heating cable are thermostats, fasteners, temperature and humidity sensors.

The anti-icing system * works automatically, turning on if the temperature drops below +5 degrees, and there is water in the drainage system. The temperature controller monitors the air temperature and the presence of water, it turns on the system when the temperature drops below - 5 g.

The temperature sensor during installation of the system is installed so that direct sunlight does not fall on it. Humidity sensors during installation are installed in the lowest places of the eaves gutter or in places where the greatest likelihood of water.

*Note

De-icing systems at temperatures below -18 ...- 20C are not used, since ice does not form at this time. In addition, melting snow at such temperatures requires large electrical capacities.
The de-icing system can be installed on both metal and plastic gutters.
These systems are designed and installed by specialists.

Installation of snow retainers on the roof

So that the snow doesn’t crawl like an avalanche onto the gutters and clog the gutters after snowfalls (for reference: from 4 to 8 tons of snow, that is 100-200 kg / sq. M., Can accumulate on a roof slope of 40 square meters), snow restraints are arranged on the roof.

The snow retainer is installed at a distance of about 350-500 mm from the cornice and parallel to it. If the length of the ramp is more than 8 m, an additional snow retainer is installed, in addition, snow retainers must also be installed above the dormer-windows.

If the roof is made of metal, then the installation of snow retainers can be performed on top of the metal.

If the roof is made of flexible tiles or natural ceramic tiles, snow retainers must be installed during the laying of the roofing material. If the snow retainer is installed after laying the roof, you will first have to disassemble the roof covering around the roof perimeter, then mount the snow retainers, and then re-install the roof covering.

The following snow retardants are common:

Tubular (can be installed on top of metal tiles). The cost of a tubular snow retainer 3 m long is from 50 dollars.

Tubular Snow Retention

Corner (can be installed on top of metal). The cost of angular snow retention 3 m in length - from 20 dollars.

Corner snow retention

Lattice (they are installed on a natural cement-sand tile simultaneously with the installation of the roof, so they are more suitable for houses under construction or under repair). The cost of trellised snow retention length of 2.5 m-110 dollars.

Trellised snow retention

Checking and preparing electrical systems

A check is carried out and preventive measures are being taken to prepare the electrical system of the house for the winter.

Verification:

*Note:

The wiring load is checked by specialists. An electrician with the help of special equipment can find a malfunction in a hidden electrical network, carried out in walls, ceilings, floors, etc. .. The cost of checking the load, the load is 8 dollars.

Check the condition of the wires:

It is necessary to open the sockets (remove the cover of the sockets) and see how the wire looks. If the insulation is carbonized and crumbles, then the wiring must be changed.If the ends of the wires have a bluish or black coating (traces of stiffness), then the outlet is overloaded with electrical appliances, and you need to reduce the number of electrical appliances on this outlet.If the socket sparks when plugs are plugged into it, then this is the result of loosening the threaded contacts (they become loose due to the frequent decrease and increase in temperature), and they need to be tightened.

* Do not repair broken sockets, switches, plugs yourself, it is better to buy new ones.

You can check the voltage * yourself.

Open the outlet.Using a tester, check the phasing: in this case, the supply wire should be on the right, zero - on the left. It is necessary to check the presence of grounding, and at the same time - the operation of protective emergency devices - difavtomat or RCD. On the diphtomat and on the RCD there is a button (on the machine itself) with the inscription "Test, if the machine fires (knocks out) when the button is pressed, then it is working, if not, it needs to be replaced.

* It is better to charge this check to electricians.

Preventive measures:

If possible, install an alternative source of energy - for example, an electric generator based on internal combustion engines or a wind generator, since there are still problems with power outages (under the law, residential private houses can be disconnected from electricity for up to a day during repair work).
Buy spare fuses, because during cold weather additional electrical appliances are often turned on for heating, and this can lead to failure of the fuse (if you install a bug, that is, an uncalibrated fuse, this can lead to a fire when the power supply is overloaded).
It is advisable to always have spare bulbs available.

Verification and preparation of the near-house and sub-house space

Check

Look at the condition of the blind areas so that they can drain meltwater from the basements. If you find cracks and chips, concrete them from above before the onset of cold weather and snowfall.

Maintenance work:

Lubricate the door hinges and movable joints (it is better to handle the locks with graphite grease) so that they work in cold weather.
Lubricate the moving parts of window and door hardware.
Do not leave barrels or other containers of water outdoors. If you do not want to drain the water from the barrel for the winter, you should put a few thick sticks or plastic bottles in it.
Pour water from hoses or irrigation pipes in the area so that the remaining water in them does not tear them apart.
Remove fallen leaves from the site, do not leave toys, household utensils, tools - after the winter, you may simply not find them.
Close open areas of the house (for example, under the porch), remove all rubbish from there.

The pre-winter preparation of a country house will enable its residents to calmly winter without unpleasant surprises. We hope that our tips will help to organize and conduct the preparation for the winter of your home.

Attention! Prices are out of date. The article shows prices for 2011.

What standards must be observed when preparing multi-apartment buildings for the winter?

Monitoring the progress of work is carried out by local authorities, owners of the housing stock and their authorized and main state housing inspectorates.

There are special, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation “Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock”. According to them, an annual general review in preparation for the winter season should be held before the start of the heating season.

In the northern and eastern regions, all work must be completed before September 1, in the central - by September 15, in the southern - by October 1.

What should be done?

Among the main types of compulsory work:

Troubleshooting windows and doors, walls, facades, roofs, attic ceilings and ceilings above basements, as well as heating stoves, chimneys, flues, internal systems of heat, water and electricity;

Providing waterproofing of stairwells, basements and attics, engine rooms of elevators.

According to the rules, windows and doors in the porches must have tightly fitting narthex with gaskets. It is noteworthy that in the northern regions of our country (formally - where the estimated air temperature in the street is minus 30 degrees Celsius and below) during major repairs, double-glazed windows should be supplemented with a third binding.

By the way, if, even after seasonal inspections, residents find a malfunction of windows in the entrance (glass is broken, sash frames, window leaves are torn) - by law, the deadline for eliminating this malfunction in winter is a day.

In addition to glazing, fittings (handles, brackets) should be available on windows and doors. The stairwell should be lit.

The entrance room should be regularly ventilated, and the air temperature inside should be maintained at a level of at least +16 degrees Celsius.

What to look for?

It is quite difficult to independently determine the readiness of an apartment building for the winter season. Viktor Fedoruk, member of the Housing Solidarity organization’s coordinating council, advises paying attention to the most obvious visual signs: all exterior doors should be equipped with closers or springs, there should be no gaps in the gaps between the panels, leaks in the roof, and broken windows in the windows. The absence of at least one of these points indicates that the house did not pass the appropriate training. The heating and water supply systems must be flushed in a timely manner. No additional funds for the work performed from the residents should be charged. All expenses for seasonal repairs are already included in the column “maintenance and repair”, which is in the payment orders.

The condition of houses is traditionally checked by commissions of employees of management companies in the mandatory presence of at least one tenant authorized to represent the interests of the house. This may include a partnership of owners, a member of the initiative group, or any person selected at the meeting. The report drawn up during the audit should have been submitted to the controlling organization. For example, in the case of Moscow, we are talking about the Moscow Housing Inspectorate. Employees of the department, in turn, must pay another visit to each house and make sure that all the information collected is true. “However, these rules are often neglected,” says Fedoruk.

Where to complain?

In case of violations, the expert suggests contacting the same place - to the city regulatory authorities. At the same time, it makes sense to send an official appeal to the mayor. For all complaints received, officials are required to provide a written report. Almost all regions have already reported on their readiness for the heating season. “But in fact, inconsistencies constantly arise - only yesterday I received a complaint from a resident of Tsaritsyn, whose roof is leaking,” summarizes a member of Housing Solidarity.

For many residents of apartment buildings, the topic of preparing their houses for the arrival of winter, as a rule, remains a mystery, and not many people know who should do what inside the house so that the apartments stay warm in the cold and do not resemble the Sahara when spring comes.

Long-term experience of energy company specialists shows that in apartment buildings, management organizations often ignore the technical requirements for preparing house communications for the new heating season. As a result, with the onset of cold weather, the number of complaints about unheated risers, partially heated apartments and damage inside the heating system of the house increases.

In order not to remain hostages to the irresponsible employees of managing organizations, residents of apartment buildings as full owners can and should control the work of public utilities serving their houses. Including for this work, they pay bills to the management company or HOA throughout the year.

The power engineers of the Saratov branch of EnergosbyT Plus have compiled the top 5 questions and answers about preparing for the heating season of apartment buildings:

1. Where is the limit of responsibility for supplying heat to the house?

Before outer wall an apartment building is a resource supplying organization. Starting from the communications in the basement of the house, the meter, risers and other equipment - the responsibility of the management organization.

2. Does the resource supplying organization participate in the preparation of the MCD for the upcoming heating season?

Directly, the RNO does not prepare the engineering communications of apartment buildings for heat reception. But after the end of the heating season, absolutely all management organizations are sent a letter of recommendation measures for preparing the house for the new autumn-winter period. Note that guided by paragraph 16 of Section IV of the "Rules for Assessing Preparedness for the Heating Period", approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of March 12, 2013. No. 103, the main criteria for assessing the readiness of consumers for the heating period 2017/2018. will be:

1. Flushing equipment and communications of heat-consuming plants;

2. Testing the equipment of heat-consuming plants for density and strength;

3. Installation in thermal units of design washers and elevator nozzles;

4. The availability and performance of the meter of thermal energy and coolant;

5. The presence and performance of automation regulation, automation protection.

6. Lack of debt for the supplied heat energy and coolant

A complete list of necessary measures to prepare the house for the heating season can be found on the website of the Saratov branch of OJSC Energosbyt Plus

If the managing organization implements the necessary recommendations, an act of readiness of the house for the heating season is signed by the power engineers. There is another important document - a preparedness certificate, which confirms the preparation of the MCD for the autumn-winter period, it is issued by the municipality.

3. Is there a fundamental difference in the passport and the act of readiness?

According to the legislation, heat management organizations must report to the municipal authorities that they are ready for the new heating season. But such a document can be obtained by the Criminal Code, Homeowners Association and Housing and Utility Services without the confirmation of readiness from the power engineers.

In other words, to receive an act of readiness from the RSO is to confirm the preparation of the heating system at home. If the managers do not carry out the appropriate work, they will completely shift the responsibility for accidents on the home networks and the low quality of heat supply to the repair personnel of their management company, housing cooperative and housing cooperative and the owners themselves.

One important point - the rush of communications in the house in winter carries the risk of burns and damage to property of the residents themselves, as well as defrosting of the entire heating system!

4. In what terms should the house be prepared for the heating season?

Terms of preparation - spring-summer months. Immediately after the end of the heating season, management organizations must plan activities to prepare the house for heat (turning on the heating). The action plan is already in their hands, because the power engineers hand over the corresponding form annually, immediately after the completion of the OZP.

The best option for carrying out the work is to conduct it together with the power engineers during the period of hydraulic tests. Synchronization of work on urban and intra-house communications can significantly reduce the time for disconnecting hot water for residents.

5. How do the debts of the UK, HOA and housing cooperative to suppliers affect the preparation of the house for the winter?

In this matter, a resident may encounter several communal "pitfalls" at once.

The first one. If the management company accumulates millions of debts to suppliers of resources, then this is the misuse of the funds of the residents themselves. Unfortunately, only in the city of Saratov last year several criminal cases were brought against the heads of managing organizations.

The second one. Unpaid payments from the management company, homeowners association and housing cooperative directly affect the repair campaign of service providers. In the chain "North Ossetia - Criminal Code (Homeowners' Association, housing cooperative) - the tenant of the house" are all interconnected. And if one of this chain does not fulfill obligations, then all three participants suffer. In the case of artificially increased debts, the risk of technological disruptions at power facilities automatically rises in the winter - and here the tenant himself is at risk.