Antique brickwork. Features of the reconstruction of a brick house.
Instruction manual
Repair old houses should begin with a thorough examination. Focus on the foundation, walls and roof. The integrity depends on them housesits reliability. The state of interior decoration and plumbing is a separate issue and does not directly affect the stability of the structure.
When examining a house, pay attention to the cracks in the walls and the foundation - their presence indicates that the house is sitting down or the walls are so old that they begin to collapse. The presence of cracks in the foundation suggests the need to strengthen it. In a weak spot under the foundation, a niche is dug up and poured with concrete.
Sometimes the old walls begin to lead, bulges form on them. This happens most often with housesmi built from adobe (in the southern regions of the country there are a lot of such houses). If there is a similar hump on the wall, it must be disassembled and re-folded in this place, having previously supported the roof supporting beams.
If the walls houses in good condition, but have an unattractive appearance, they can be "ennobled" in three main ways. The first is the most difficult and expensive, but giving the best result - the house must be lined with facing bricks. Masonry is carried out in half a brick, the structure takes on a very beautiful modern look.
The second way is to decorate the walls with modern facing materials - for example, plastic. This is the fastest option, but should be avoided whenever possible. Not to mention the fact that the plastic is flammable, the old house trimmed in this way still does not look the best way. Plastic trim is more suitable for commercial real estate than for private households.
The third method of decorating the walls is quite traditional and consists in plastering them or applying a decorative layer by spraying. In the latter case, modern dyes should be added to the solution, which gives a very good result.
Old houses usually wear out wooden elements - floor beams, floors, rafters. All decayed structural parts must be replaced. When repairing the roof, the old slate should be removed and replaced with a modern metal tile. It is not only easier, but also much more beautiful. Cover old houses facing brick and the replacement of slate with metal will give the old building a second life.
Interior options directly depend on the material of the walls. If the house is adobe, then it is best to sheathe the walls with plasterboard. In this case, you will get perfectly even walls and get rid of problems with small cracks that often occur on the walls of adobe houses. For brick walls, any finishing options are suitable, it all depends on your desire and financial capabilities.
When the base settles under the foundation, it is covered with oblique cracks, while the horizontal lines on the facade are curved. To stop the deformation of the foundation and prevent further destruction, it is necessary to restore it.
Reconstruction brick house - A laborious process requiring highly skilled and responsible approach from performers.
If the owner wants to expand the usable area, then the best solution is to build an extension to the brick house; the house, or rather, its basic structure, is not affected. The purpose of the additional room can be any.
We also carry out redevelopment of a brick house. In order to efficiently and quickly perform such a crucial job, you need to know all the "pitfalls". Having trusted our specialists, the customer will save himself from unnecessary headache and get a result that is fully consistent with his expectations.
To eliminate existing problems with the insulation of a brick house, to improve or change the appearance of the building, it is recommended to carry out a set of repair and decoration measures.
Brick home repair
The main, if not the only weak side of the brick as building material is its high thermal conductivity. For comfortable year-round living, you need to insulate a brick house: this will avoid many troubles and unnecessary costs.
After warming comes the turn of the final and probably the most pleasant stage: the finish. The choice of siding for a brick house is up to the owner, but he can always count on the professional help of our specialists.
Contact. Respecting the ideas of our customers, we try to bring them to life in the highest class. We are trustworthy.
Dear fellow villagers, good day!
The idea of \u200b\u200bsettling in the village is not new in my soul, but somehow I never thought that I would risk launching it. And still I do not believe what will turn out, and even that something has already been done. It just so happened that last year the moment came when I so wanted to have any place in the village so that I could live, that I began to travel around the Moscow region, to different places, trying to find a lift option for myself. Money, like many others, “chickens do not peck,” a pension on the nose. How I go to the village - no matter what - the soul sings. And my sister said - in my old age I want to live nearby.
I came across two adjacent plots for sale - nearby, in the same village. The houses are old, brick, walls 0.5 m, typical of the Ryazan region. 170 km from Moscow, along the excellent Don highway, asphalt to the house. But the real village, residential, with chickens and cows. There is a small chapel, services are held on holidays. So I wanted to restore these old houses, abandoned, orphaned, which could still serve faithfully. Maybe because we are from a family of artists and really appreciate everything ancient, historical, created by our ancestors. Decided - God willing, succeed. I understand that this is against any logic - I am alone, there is no one to rely on, it’s expensive not only to restore, but also to maintain, cherish. But there’s no strength left to sit in the city - and to retire soon. The dream of a garden is haunting. Our grandfather planted gardens, built houses. In the 1970s, my grandmother’s parents’ house was still alive in the center of Novokuznetsk, about which Mayakovsky wrote “I know there will be a city, I know - a flower garden” in Kuzbass. We all lived there before - a big clan - great-grandmother with great-grandfather, our grandmother and grandfather, their sisters and brothers with husbands and wives, a cousin. Everyone had gardens - no dachas!
In December, she finally bought and designed the property with the estate. On the second house, which may be my sister, documents on the land are being finalized. Construction began in March, or rather restoration. This is how these two houses looked in November. Mine is the far right. Small - 30 m2 large room and 12 m2 extension. There is a small cellar - detached, on the estate. The first stage is the roof, hence the frame of the veranda, so that you can overlap the roof of the house with the roof of the veranda. We cracked the crack with an armored belt, hit it a bit later, aligned the Mauerlat to the level. The roof is almost ready, the builders said that next weekend - I will accept work.
At the same time, the layout of the house was decided, where to make a shower and bathroom, where is the kitchen with access to the veranda, where gas column to set. Unfortunately, I had to sacrifice the entrance from the street to make a bathroom. There will be only one entrance - through the veranda. It was also necessary to plan the yard of the estate, decide where the well will be, where the septic tank is. Finally, the morning layout of the house appeared, and everything found its own functional place, including a staircase to the attic from the room. An attic with a height of 4 m in the ridge - so that you can spend the night in summer - the family is not small - a sister with a husband and son, a daughter with two children, a mother and me. W such a layout turned out. I take my sister and my husband into account, because I think that while they will be built - if it comes to that - they will stay with me.
2nd stage - floors and insulation, then a well, septic tank, water and gas. We take electricity from the neighbors for now - I just can’t go to the regional center, to the administration, and then I still need to go to the city and apply for permits. All this needs to be done during working hours - you need to take days on account of the next vacation or at your own expense. Vacation is undesirable, since grandchildren are recorded on vacation, it is also undesirable at their own expense, there is not enough money. I gave the documents for gas processing - we are waiting for new rules to appear, they are now changing. In May I plan to plow and bury my virgin lands - before that, I need to have time to take the cadastral plan of the site in the administration and mark it on the ground. Local villagers mark the estates by eye - well, we will do so. And then finally landing. It is good that there is an old well - with water, although it will be necessary to put it in order - at least make a bucket on the chain.
All peace of mind and good health.
Many private houses have been standing for more than a dozen years and are far from in the best condition. If the house needs major repairs, the correct determination of the necessary works and the ways of their implementation will allow to restore the structure in a short time, saving a lot of money and effort.
How to restore an old house
Instruction manual
1Repair of the old house should begin with a thorough inspection. Focus on the foundation, walls and roof. The integrity of the house and its reliability depend on them. The state of interior decoration and plumbing is a separate issue and does not directly affect the stability of the structure.
]]> ]]>
2 When looking at the house, pay attention to the cracks in the walls and the foundation - their presence indicates that the house is sitting down or the walls are so old that they begin to collapse. The presence of cracks in the foundation suggests the need to strengthen it. In a weak spot under the foundation, a niche is dug up and poured with concrete.
3 Sometimes the old walls begin to lead, bulges form on them. Most often this happens with houses built from adobe (in the southern regions of the country there are a lot of such houses). If there is a similar hump on the wall, it must be disassembled and re-folded in this place, having previously supported the roof supporting beams.
4If the walls of the house are in good condition, but have an unattractive appearance, they can be "ennobled" in three main ways. The first is the most difficult and expensive, but giving the best result - the house must be lined with facing bricks. Masonry is carried out in half a brick, the structure takes on a very beautiful modern look.
5The second method is to decorate the walls with modern cladding materials - for example, plastic. This is the fastest option, but should be avoided whenever possible. Not to mention the fact that the plastic is flammable, the old house trimmed in this way still does not look the best way. Plastic trim is more suitable for commercial real estate than for private households.
6 The third method of wall decoration is quite traditional and consists in plastering or applying a decorative layer by spraying. In the latter case, modern dyes should be added to the solution, which gives a very good result.
]]>
]]>
7In old houses, wooden elements usually wear out - floor beams, floors, rafters. All decayed structural parts must be replaced. When repairing the roof, the old slate should be removed and replaced with a modern metal tile. It is not only easier, but also much more beautiful. Covering the old house with a facing brick and replacing the slate with a metal tile will give the old building a second life.
8The options for interior decoration are directly dependent on the material of the walls. If the house is adobe, then it is best to sheathe the walls with plasterboard. In this case, you will get perfectly even walls and get rid of problems with small cracks that often occur on the walls of adobe houses. For brick walls, any finishing options are suitable, it all depends on your desire and financial capabilities.
BASE REPAIR: WE DO IT WITH YOUR HANDS
Companies that perform apartment renovation foundations high-rise buildings repaired about once every few years. This is a planned work.
If you are a happy owner of a country or suburban housing, you will have to repair a private house do it yourself or with the hands of hired workers.
Situations are not uncommon when the foundation of long-established buildings begins to settle. This can occur due to a variety of physico-mechanical and hydrological processes in the lower layers of the soil. Changes reduce its bearing capacity of the soil.
In addition, changes in soil properties can also cause construction workswhich are conducted near the house.
The drawdown is primarily observed at the very base under the house.
The first sign of deformation is the appearance of cracks in the blind area, as well as holes around the column. Over time, both of them only increase.
However, the subsidence of the foundation can only be temporary. It will stop by itself as soon as the bedding stone of the base takes a more stable position. This can happen during its precipitation on a solid layer of soil.
]]>
]]>
In all other cases, the scale of destruction only increases. On log houses, for example, seams and joints expand, cracks increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lower rims of the logs, caulking occurs. In this case, repairing the foundation of an old wooden house is no longer possible.
What to do?
With such a destruction of the foundation of the house, the subsidence should be stopped urgently. To do this, you first need to put on the cracks the so-called beacons (adhesive tapes made of paper or gypsum), where to enter the date of installation. If the lighthouses break off soon, a small inclined pit (angle of 35 °) is pulled out next to the strip foundation. Its depth reaches the base of the bedding stone.
The technology of repairing the foundation provides for the installation of a pipe there, metal or asbestos-cement, with a diameter of 15 to 20 cm.
Concrete or cement mortar is poured there, so that the soil under the base of the foundation is saturated with it until failure.
Filling the soil with the solution is stopped only when the solution ceases to decrease within 1-2 hours. The process of saturation of the soil with the solution resumes only after 1-2 days. And so 2-3 times.
After that, the beacons are again placed on the cracks. And at the edge in the upper part of the blind area, at the beginning of the base, the wooden plank is once again strengthened, which fixes the mark of the position of the foundation column after the solution was poured into the pipe.
If, however, subsidence still continues, the risk will drop lower into the ground. Then it is necessary to add concrete or cement mortar into the pipe again.
Thus, the foundation of the country house or private building is fixed.
Destruction of the foundation around the perimeter
]]>
]]>
Repairing the foundation of a brick house involves the following actions.
Dirt is removed from the surface of the foundation and walls and old plaster is removed. Then, a metal mesh is driven into the base structure. Having carried it some distance, it is attached to the anchors, which are released from the basement of the wall and directly to the foundations.
Next, formwork is installed and everything is concreted. After the concrete has hardened, the trenches are carefully filled in, carefully tamping each layer.
Replacing one collapsed part of the foundation
To carry out this work, additional sections are arranged on the sides of the foundation. The plots look like ordinary stone masonry. By getting the masonry in this way to the desired width, you will provide a connection between the old and new masonry. In this case, the sole of the foundation is not deepened.
Ruined strip foundation
Repairs strip foundationdestroyed by moisture is carried out according to the same principle as the correction of a concrete belt. At the same time, reinforced concrete blocks, curb stones can be used in the work.
In this case, it is also possible to repair the foundation with screw piles.
Increased foundation bearing capacity
The foundation of a repaired private house may require unloading, which will prevent further subsidence.
To do this, along weak areas on both sides lay new parts. On them, the load from the upstream building will be transmitted through reinforced concrete or metal beams passing through the basement. The newly laid sections of the foundations are anchored with through anchors.
Foundations are completely unloaded, as a rule, in wooden houses.
Repair of the foundation of a wooden house consists in the fact that several transverse reinforced concrete or steel beams are brought under its walls.
They are laid in holes punched at a distance of 2-2.5 m. The beams are supported on temporary supports (pre-installed). At the same time, the old foundation is replaced with a new one, with the base of the second being placed below the first.
]]>
]]>
Column foundation
Repair of the column foundation implies the following types of work:
Installation of the house on temporary supports.
Note! In this case, you can continue to live in the house. Even windows and doors almost do not warp. In very rare cases, workers have to open several floorboards.
Dismantling of poles;
Digging trenches under the house;
Tamping a sand pillow;
Pouring a well-reinforced tape with a thickness of 20 cm;
Installation of poles on it;
Installation of steel I-beams ;.
Lowering the house to a fresh foundation, adjusting its position for the best opening of doors and windows.
In the same way, the repair of a broken foundation is also carried out. Over time, you can finish this foundation to a full tape.
In this article we told you about the repair of the foundation of an old wooden house and a brick structure. We hope that now for you an independent repair will not be very difficult.
What is cheaper and more profitable, RECONSTRUCTION of an old house or demolish it and build a NEW?
This question worries those residents whose houses have already become dilapidated from time to time, they become cold from sagging and rotten logs in the crowns, the roof begins to leak, because the roofing material is cracked (slate). Also, the rafter systems can no longer withstand the load of the roof, for this reason the roof changes its proportions, is subject
deformation. In older buildings, which are more than 40-60 years old, there are other problems associated with floors and floors, they can rot, especially when it comes to overlapping the first floor. Previously, they did everything honestly, although there are also such buildings, having seen which you think, and how they could stand for so many years.
So what to do, repair an old house or put a new one?
Everything depends primarily on the material condition, if there is funds for a new house, then it is clear that the old house is breaking down and a new one is being built in its place or nearby. Of course, it’s best, of course, if the area permits, to do this: live in an old house, and do a new one nearby in a new place, after the new house is ready and ready for living, demolish the old one. But this is the best option. Usually it happens, the plot is small, there are several households on it. buildings and an old house. If you tear down the house immediately, then where to live? In this case, it is better to decide completely, to break the house or partially. Often there are old houses in which everything bearing walls and the floors are in good condition, then it is best to do a cosmetic repair, you can make a reconstruction:
1) Demolish the old roof, build a new rafter system and cover the roof with insulation, covering the house with modern roofing material.
2) Replace rotten floors both partially and completely together with floor beams, it is also better to immediately warm the floors. (beams, floorboards, insulation)
3) If the house is cold, it is best to insulate the house outside in one or two layers of modern insulation and sheathe the outside with a lining or siding.
This reconstruction will take a little time (you can manage in a month) and for finances it will be less than]]\u003e make a new house. But if the house has already become dilapidated so much that it does not make sense to “fake” it, and spending money does not bring results, then we must take radical measures:
Demolition of the house and the construction of a new one.
There were times when breaking the roof on an old house (on the walls of the first floor), they erected a new floor from timber, logs ... And where is the guarantee that the old walls will support the weight of the second floor? And all this construction will not collapse. If you nevertheless decided that the old house should be demolished and a new one built, then this is done as follows:
Felling a house (made of wood) of average size 6x9m, the team builds on average in three weeks. It is best in this case to start building a house in May-June. While the log house is being built, you can either be on the site and live in a trailer, a change house, or with relatives. After the house is delivered (fully or partially finished), you can move in the summer and autumn to a new house. By winter, the house will be fully prepared for the cold. To summarize, the conclusion is this: If the house is still suitable for housing, then it is easier and cheaper to reconstruct (to remodel). And if the housing is no longer suitable for living, then it makes no sense to "fake" it, it is necessary to demolish and put up a new house, it will be faster and ultimately cheaper! New house will serve you for many years. The company SK "Divny Dom" is engaged in a full range of alterations of old houses (insulation, replacement of ceilings, roofing). We also dismantle old buildings and build new log houses and saunas from timber and logs.
Good luck with your construction!
If you are doing a cafe restaurant repair of an office or apartment shop store and your walls are made of branded old brick or you want to create a real old wall, call us and our specialists will advise you, help you choose the most favorable conditions for cooperation.
If you have at your disposal an ordinary brick wall, do not rush to decide its fate in favor of the complete destruction or depersonalization of cement mixtures.
]]>
The old foundation and the new have a difference in the technology used for the basic foundation of walls and floors. In old houses, as a rule, load-bearing walls of brick, covered with lime plaster, and interior walls of timber and planks. Overlapping - lags with boards. The boards are crosswise upholstered with slats (shingles) on which lime plaster is applied.
A technical breakthrough in brick business occurred in the 19th century, after the introduction of the ring kiln, belt press and clay processing machines. Then, in 1847, the first GOST appeared: “Rules for uniform durable brick production, which should be used as in St. Petersburg "and in other places of Russia, at state-owned and private factories." These rules established the size of the brick 6x3x3.5 cm. For brick factories, hallmarks have become a must. Each stigma carried a lot of information: the name of the breeder, the year the factory was built and the characteristics of the production methods.
]]>
 ]]>
|
]]>
 ]]>
|
]]>
 ]]>
|
The loft style is one of the most extravagant modern styles. If we draw an analogy with clothes, then these are expensive designer jeans, torn, worn and artificially aged. And the more holes and scuffs, the more valuable they are.
What does a loft look like in an interior? Most likely, in an abandoned warehouse or premises of a former factory, in the attic of a production building adapted for housing. But all this is finished in such a way that you can immediately see: expensive housing. Translated from English, the word "loft" means the attic.
| Now the Loft style is becoming popular in Russia. Business centers and residential complexes in this style have already been built (and are at the design stage) in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. However, at present in Russia it is sometimes easier for developers to demolish an old factory or factory and build a new building in the vacated space. Only a few of them decide to undertake the reconstruction of historical (but not protected by the state) buildings. The stylization of private apartments under the "loft" is also popular. | ]]>
 ]]>
|
Repair of a bathroom in a brick house
Overhaul of the bathroom and toilet in the Stalin-era building, all the walls were destroyed during the repair process, new walls were erected, as the house is old - the floors were opened and the floor was screed. The walls were upholstered with metal mesh and plastered.]]\u003e]]\u003e
There is a gas boiler in the bathroom, which the gas inspection did not allow to transfer. Therefore, they lifted him so that he would not interfere with taking a shower, since the bathtub “moved” directly to him. And moydodyr stood in the place of the old bath. Contrast tiles were perfectly written off to the new bathroom design. Our repair school coped with the “excellent” task. If you pay attention to the photo of the repair, you can see a shelf by the bathtub, built into the wall, under different shampoos and gels.
Since the house is old and hot water is not provided in the house, we mounted an electric heated towel rail for a more comfortable stay in the bathroom. Also, an electric heated floor is laid in the floor.
Although the repair of a small bathroom should not be expensive, but in this case it is not. And there are several reasons for this: the house is old, the height of the rooms is more than 3 m., The dismantling of old rotten walls is simply necessary, the replacement of old cast iron with modern PVC, the total duration of the repair is 3-4 weeks.
You ask: “How much does the repair of bathrooms in such houses cost?”. To which we will answer: “The cost of repairing such bathrooms exceeds the average cost of repairing in panel houses, and if you take the monetary equivalent, it will be approximately 75-85 tr.”
Repair of the foundation of an old wooden house
Problems with the foundation under the old wooden houses are manifested in the appearance of distortions in the door and window openings. In addition, there is a subsidence of the house at one point or in several areas.
We repair the foundation of a wooden house with our own hands
]]>
]]>
Repairing the foundation of an old wooden house is a task that needs to be thoroughly prepared. In order to understand what to do with the foundation, you need to analyze its condition. To do this, they dig a trench along the perimeter of the house, close to the foundation, with a width of 0.5 - 1 meter. Only a visual inspection will give a final picture of the state of the foundation. It will become clear what it is made of and where it has the most problematic areas.
1. Drive the reinforcement into the old foundation. And this must be done carefully so as not to destroy the foundation even more.
2. Remove the problematic elements of the old foundation.
3. Pour skinny concrete into the trench. And this must be done gradually. Pauses in filling are needed so that the solution soaks the soil and cavities inside the old foundation. Filling is best done in sections, blocking the trench with partitions. It is necessary that at the joints there should be a connection in the form of reinforcement between adjacent sections.
It may turn out that the foundation is made of brickwork around the perimeter, or in the form of brick pillars on which the house is installed. If there is no skew in the house, then you can create an additional belt. In this case, the repair of the foundation of a wooden house is carried out as follows:
1. You need to find problems in the masonry, remove the cracked bricks.
2. Then, anchors are driven through and through the brickwork. Anchors should not go in one line. The outer part of the anchors is interconnected by reinforcement. The connection is made by welding.
3. A formwork is installed along the outside of the trench.
4. A sand cushion is laid at the bottom of the trench, then a layer of gravel. After that, the entire volume is poured with concrete. After pouring the first layer, a metal mesh is laid in concrete, which runs along the entire perimeter of the house.
When using this method of strengthening the foundation, the area of \u200b\u200bthe support of the house increases. The old brick foundation due to the anchors is connected with a reinforcing belt of concrete. This method is suitable if there are no visible deviations in the subsidence of the foundation.
If the house slipped, and unevenly, then the creation of an additional belt can not do. The house will have to be raised and put up again on the foundation. Such a repair of the foundation of an old wooden house is perhaps the most difficult.
After a trench is dug around the perimeter of the house, you can accurately determine why the building shrinked. Perhaps the foundation sank due to shrinkage of the soil. Maybe there was a destruction of the foundation. But in any case, the house needs to be raised.
To lift the building using construction jacks. Each of the corners rises separately. When lifting, it is important that the jack does not fall into the ground. For this, wide boards are laid under his support. And slowly begin to rise.
To avoid problems, raise a little bit of every corner. Then move on to the next corner. In addition, they control the middle of the walls of the house, placing metal channels under them. Having lifted the whole house to the desired height, fix each corner at this height with the help of channels or strong wooden bars. The ends of the supports lie on the edges of the trench opposite each corner. The house hangs on pylons above the old foundation.
Most often, the old foundation is brickworkin poor condition. And if such a complex process as raising a house has already passed, then repairing the foundation of an old wooden house is not entirely advisable. It is better to replace the masonry with a concrete foundation.
To do this, all the masonry is removed. Formwork is being made. On the formwork marks are applied to the upper plane of the new foundation. A sand cushion is made and a layer of rubble is poured. The foundation is poured and after the concrete hardens, the house sinks onto a new foundation.
If the old foundation does not require dismantling, then an additional concrete belt is created around it, which is connected to the old foundation through anchors. The upper plane of the new concrete belt, if there was a serious subsidence of the house, is done according to the level to compensate for the degree of subsidence.
liveforplay
Not every homeowner builds a house from scratch. Someone inherits a suburban possession, someone buys a plot with a finished building, which for some reason he does not like. In addition, in the spring in an already built house, inconveniences and unacceptable shortcomings are often found, or the family grows, and the house becomes cramped for her. Then it is necessary to make a difficult decision related to the reconstruction of a private house - an extension, superstructure or repair. And often the owners try to redo everything with their own hands.
Reasons for reconstruction
Nowadays, the country's housing stock includes a fairly substantial sector of "dilapidated" houses built more than 30 years ago. In most cases, they are now in a non-residential state. Naturally, the owners of such real estate tend to get rid of such objects by selling to buyers for nothing, because they are more interested in a piece of land than what is built on it.
You can, of course, demolish the old house and build a new one in the vacated place. However, you can do without this. Properly organized and completed reconstruction country house allow it to turn into the most modern cottage that meets the highest requirements of comfort and coziness. In this matter, how to legitimize the reconstruction of a private house is of great importance.
Documentation
Sometimes it happens that it is possible to make housing more comfortable and convenient only with the help of serious changes in its design, and it is unlikely that you can do without one redevelopment. The construction of the veranda, the superstructure of additional floors and other construction work, which are associated with changes in technical and economic indicators (total area and construction volume) and the functional purpose of private houses, fall under the concept of "reconstruction".
The rules for the reconstruction are regulated by the regulation on the procedure for the reconstruction of residential private houses and non-residential buildings. According to this normative act, before the reconstruction, the application must be referred to the local authority, which within a month must decide on permission to reconstruct the private house or a reasoned refusal and inform the applicant in writing about it.
In addition to the application, you must provide the following documents: development plan for landthat is performed by an individual entrepreneur or legal entity that has the appropriate permission; a description of the work to change the purpose or physical parameters of the premises of a residential private house; written consent of all residents, including those temporarily absent for the reconstruction of the house.
In addition, the applicant must provide copies of documents that certify ownership of the private house and land. Having permission on hand, the developer carries out the development of the project, the removal of the axes of the objects of reconstruction works and the opening of financing.
Alteration of the attic
How can you achieve the above result? It is best to start the reconstruction of a private residential building from the attic. If its height and area are too small, then it is recommended to just think about the insulation of the room to avoid leakage of heat through the purged attic from the main house. If the area of \u200b\u200bthis room is large enough, then it’s impermissible luxury to lose it and in such a situation it is necessary to seriously think about remaking the old attic into the attic.
The initial task is to strengthen the floor, for which you need to strengthen the corner of the rafters and place new durable logs, preferably from a beam. It is also important to take care of the thermal insulation of the roof slopes, which serve as the walls of the future attic. To do this, it is best to take panels from mineral wool, although you can use more modern rolled materials, if money allows.
An obligatory component of such a “pie” is a vapor barrier layer that allows air to pass in only one direction. It is also recommended to replace the roof, because you know that metal in the wind or rain makes a lot of noise. This is not essential for a non-residential attic, and for a residential attic is of great importance. Therefore, it is better to buy soft roofing materials, which also have excellent heat-insulating properties.
Foundation
The completion of the second floor and the conversion of the attic of the house into the attic invariably lead to an increase in the total mass of the residential building, and therefore provokes an increase in the load on the foundation and requires the preparation of certain documents for the reconstruction of a private house. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study its external and internal state, for which it is not necessary to limit oneself exclusively to a surface inspection of the aerial surface of the foundation. We have to punch the pit to the entire depth of the foundation.
If you find defects, you need to try to take action and try to do everything to strengthen it. If you have a log house, which is not uncommon for old buildings, you must also subject the lower crowns of the log house to research. They often rot over time, which reduces the stability of the structure. If rotted fragments are present, they should be replaced immediately.
Main room
When reconstructing a private house with your own hands, the question often arises of redeveloping the main room. This raises some problems - to unite the space, you may need to remove the wall, which is the carrier. In such a situation, it will not be possible to tear it clean; you will have to replace the wall with a special structure created from articulated supports with the walls of the supports and beams laid on them.
This allows you to save the load-bearing abilities of the housing and to unite the space, if there is a desire for a beam and supports, you can decorate with plasterboard panels. When choosing this approach, it is important to be particularly careful at every stage of the work. This is exactly the case when it is recommended once again to play it safe than to take a chance and as a result get collapse of structures.
Brick wall repair
Masonry is often done carelessly, so in old private houses the walls must be finished in such a way that they look more beautiful. To do this, it is necessary to restore the broken parts of the bricks, after preparing the mortar, treating the seams and giving them a concave or straight shape.
In the early stages, it is important to identify the causes of the formation of deformations in the masonry and check its quality, horizontalness, thickness of the dressing and sutures. Brickwork, which is folded on a mixed or lime mortar of a low grade, is usually dismantled with the help of electric hammers and pneumatic jack hammers.
Disassembly of the masonry is carried out in sections close to 1.5 meters long. The masonry should be disassembled in horizontal rows, starting from the top of the wall. The brick must be cleaned with the sharp end of the pickaxe from the mortar and lowered down the closed gutters. Crushed stone is also poured down the gutters.
It is recommended to break the concrete and rubble masonry manually using a pneumatic or electric hammer with a shock part in the form of a peak or a flat blade. The weathering of joints is usually eliminated by strengthening the joints with a cement mortar.
Jumpers with some cracks need to be restored by injection of a special fluid in them - polymer-cement or cement mortar. When repairing arched lintels, they need to remove the loads from the floors and subsequently shift. When repairing ordinary and wedge-shaped lintels, they should be strengthened by connecting reinforced concrete or steel beams.
The most optimal method of increasing bearing abilities brick wall with a low grade of mortar for masonry through peripheral replacement in the joints of the masonry mortar, which exists on a polymer-cement basis. The advantage of this method, along with significant savings, is restoration without increasing the mass of the brick wall and reducing the internal dimensions of the premises.
If cracks appear under the supports and beams, the masonry areas must be replaced, the reinforced concrete lining plate must be brought in, having previously made temporary vertical fastenings before installation.
Repair of wooden walls
When repairing the wooden walls of the old house, it is necessary to restore the basement, replace the wall sections and lower crowns in the walls and under the windows, align and hang out the housing during subsidence, close openings in the wooden walls. During the repair of the base, the wooden fence is replaced with a brick one. Changing rotten logs and boards, you need to hang the overlying crowns with jacks, and changing the bars of the upper crown - the attic floor and rafters.
Rotten logs must be replaced with new ones. A three-layer roofing material should be laid on the foundation, and the bottom surface of the crown should be treated with an antiseptic and bitumen. When replacing rotten lower crowns with masonry, it is customary to make waterproofing between the new masonry and the foundation, between the preserved crowns and the new masonry.
To strengthen the wooden walls, install after 2 meters vertical squeezes consisting of 2 bars, which have a section of 12 by 14 centimeters for single-storey private houses and 15 by 20 centimeters for two-story houses. It is customary to tighten the bars with bolts through a meter along the height of the clamps. Install the first bolts at a distance of 30 centimeters from the end of the compression.
When making openings, the jambs with the crowns of the walls are connected by a comb and a groove. If the upsetting of the walls has stopped, do not leave a gap over the opening, but lay a heater. Lateral jambs are left, and the top and bottom pillow are removed. The aperture needs to be filled with bars or logs, repeating the design of a wooden wall.
Alteration of floors
The repair of floors is carried out by replacing the run, or by reinforcing individual wooden beams and the construction of floors in general throughout the area. After removing the floor, insulation material, vapor and sound insulation layers, and rolling it is customary to examine wooden beams. To repair, remove the cranial bars, clean the beams and strengthen them with side plates, while installing them on nails or bolts. Place a temporary support under the structure to be repaired and remove the unfit part of the beam.
Prefabricated reinforced concrete floors that have to be repaired are divided into:
Overlapping floors that rest on the walls of the house and cover the entire span between the bearing brick walls;
Overlapping, which consists of separate reinforced concrete beams of different profiles and filling in the form of light concrete liners or slabs that lie on the shelves of the beams;
Prefabricated monolithic floors, which consist of beams with exposed reinforcement at the top of the section, on which vaulted or ribbed reinforced concrete slabs are laid, and the voids are filled with concrete;
Monolithic ceilings, which consist of small blocks, that are laid on a temporary flooring with grooves in which monolithic concrete and reinforcing frames are laid.
Often, the reconstruction of an old private house is carried out without disassembling the coating and ceilings, then the elements of the ceilings are best served in the window opening. When the dismantling of ceilings and cover is provided in a private house, it is most rational to use large-sized flooring.
Partition Repair
Repair of partitions includes such works: complete replacement of dilapidated partitions or installation of additional partitions when choosing redevelopment of premises; rearrangement and strengthening of partitions; replacement of frame racks, harnesses and individual elements of wood; partial or total rallying of the elements of shrunken partitions with the addition of a board; the installation of new or closing up existing openings in the partitions, as well as hanging the partitions that gave deflection.
Ask what documents for the reconstruction of a private house to prepare. During the reconstruction of the old house, it is customary to dismantle the existing partitions and erect new ones from gypsum fiber, gypsum plaster and gypsum concrete slabs, as well as from light concrete and ceramic stones and bricks. Partitioning is carried out from different materials - bricks, stones and gypsum boards. Partitions made of bricks have a quarter brick thickness, length and height - 3 meters. If the height and length are greater, then it is customary to put half the brick.
Partitions can be reinforced with a thin reinforcing wire, which has a diameter of 6 millimeters, to ensure their stability. At the intersection of the structure with the main wall, it is necessary to drive steel pins. To make the brick partition reliable, perform it strictly vertically, filling each joint well with mortar. Brick partitions in bathrooms should be half or a quarter of a brick thick, and it is customary to lay them out according to a template made of metal with markings.
If there is a doorway in the partition, the box must be installed after the second row of gypsum concrete slabs, fastening is done with corks made of wood, which are usually laid in 3 places between the slabs on both sides in height and filled with gypsum mortar. Lay the jumpers in the gypsum partitions symmetrically with respect to the center of the existing opening.
After this, a gap is left between the partition and the ceiling for settlement of structures. Later it should be caulked with tow with gypsum mortar. The dressing of the joints is observed when pairing the partitions. Lay anchors from reinforcement in horizontal seams with their preliminary coating using bitumen varnish, use ruffs when attaching to outer wallplacing them along the height of the entire wall in three places. In the same place, lay steel reinforcement in horizontal joints along the length of the wall to ensure its stability.
Final stage
The most difficult part in the project of reconstructing a private house and decorating the facade is choosing a specific option from the many proposed solutions. The modern market of facade decoration materials provides a wide range of products: from artificial stones to vinyl siding.
Serious problems can arise when updating communications. Most private houses of the old construction are not equipped with plumbing and sewage. This is unacceptable to modern man. Connecting to city communications laid nearby does not pose a problem from a technical point of view, the technology of such connections has been worked out for a long time.
However, again, you have to spend most of the time coordinating with the utilities and local authorities, who are glad that the developers are doing their work at their own expense and with their own hands, but at the same time they cannot refuse bureaucratic delays. So in this case you will have to enlist patience.
Thus, you realized that the design of the reconstruction of a private house - an old village or suburban - is not an easy task, but it is quite solvable. Therefore, if you wish, you can quite do without the high costs and turn your old, but not too dilapidated structure into a comfortable and modern home for the family.